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Q.1) What does non-insulin dependent DM means?
Ans: It comprises of a heterogeneous group of disorders in adults, and it accounts for the vast majority of cases of diabetes mellitus. 
 

Q.2) Whom does non-insulin dependent DM affect the most?

Ans : It is usually found in people over the age of 40,  especially among females.
 
Q.3) What are the causes of non-insulin dependent DM?
Ans : The causes are
  • A degree of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
  • Abnormality in insulin secretion. 
  • Heredity is a risk factor .
Q.4) What are the symptoms of non-insulin dependent DM?
Ans: The symptoms are
  • Polyuria (frequent urination)
  • Polydipsia (frequent thirst)
  • Fatigue
  • Chronic skin infections
  • Blurred vision
  • Paresthesias (pins and needles sensation)
Q.5) What are the signs of non-insulin dependent DM?
Ans: The signs are
  • Obesity
  • Family history of adult-onset diabetes mellitus.
  • Proteinuria, 
  • Retinopathy, 
  • Vitreous hemorrhage
  • Glaucoma, 
  • Neuropathic lower extremity lesions,
  • Coronary artery disease 
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Delivery of large infants
Q.6) What are the treatment methods?
Ans: Treatment methods are

Laboratory Tests

  • Urine for 
    • Glucose
    • Ketones
    • Proteins
    • Creatinine Clearance
  • Oral glucose tolerance test
  • Glycosylated haemoglobin
  • Glycosylated serum proteins 
  • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level on two separate occasions.
Diet
  • Caloric restriction 
  • Limit refined sugars, alcohol, and saturated fats.
  • High fibre diet.
Medication:Generally used drugs are
  • Sulfonylureas
  • Insulin
  • Acarbose 
  • Biguanides
  • insulin sensiters like pioglitazone,rosiglitazone

Exercise: Moderate exercise.

Q.7) Important things one should know about NIDDM?
Ans: The important things are
  • Self-monitoring of glucose: patients must be instructed on the use of a glucometer 
  • Foot and skin care
  • Infections and sick days: 
    • Insulin requirements may increase 
    • Adequate fluid intake
    • Frequent blood sugar monitoring.
  • Diet and exercise:
    • The benefits of dietary compliance, exercise, and weight loss must be explained.
Q.8) What is the follow-up of NIDDM?
Ans: Patients should seek a follow-up at least every 6 months.
  • Annually, a complete physical examination is recommended
  • Regular laboratory testing of:
    • Glycosylated hemoglobin 
    • Urine protein excretion
    • Fasting lipoid levels
  • Assessment of blood pressure
  • Retinal examination by an eye-specialist at least every year. 
Q.9) What is the prognosis?
Ans: Diabetics with blood glucose maintained at or near normal levels have a good prognosis.
 
Q.10) How can the disease be prevented?
Ans: Diabetes can be prevented through
  • Regular exercise.
  • Healthy diet to maintain ideal weight
 

 

 

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